Umweltschutz / Environmental Protection

Allgemeine Fragen / General Questions

a) Dokumente / Documents

aa) Verträge / Treaties

• Multilateral environmental treaties
  (via Pace Global Environmental Law Network)
• environmental treaties and resource indicators (ENTRI)
  service for information about environmental treaties and national resource indicators

bb) UN GV Resolutionen / UN GA Resolutions

• World Charter for Nature
  (adopted by GA, 28 October 1982) [GA /Res /37/7]
• Declaration on Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources
  (adopted by GA res 1803(XVII) of 14 December 1962)

c) Weitere Quellen / Academic and Scientific Resources

• ASIL Guide to Electronic Resources for International Law
  
• WWW Virtual Library
  (Indiana)
• Environmental Links on the Internet
  (Standberg)
• Linkages-A Multimedia Resource for Environment & Development Policy Makers
  
• Center for Private Conservation
  
• Sustainable Development
  (Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, Canada)
• EnimpAs
  (UN Economic Commission for Europe; database on environmental impact assessment in a transboundary context)

d) Regionale Entwicklungen / Regional Developments

• African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
  (Algiers, 15 September 1968; entry into force 16 June 1969)
• Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere (1940)
  (Washington, 12 Ocotber 1940; entry into force 1 May 1942)
• Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere (1940)
  (via Fletcher)
• Environmental Atlas
  through Resource Renewal Institute

Luftverschmutzung, Klima, Ozonschicht / Air Pollution, Climate, Ozone Layer

a) Luftverschmutzung / Air Pollution

• Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
  (concluded at Geneva on 13 November 1979)
• Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Long-Term Financing of Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Term Transmission of Air Pollutants
  (concluded at Geneva on 28 September 1984; entry into force 28 January 1988)
• Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or Their Transboundary Fluxes by at least 30 per cent (1985)
  (concluded at Helsinki, 8 July 1985; entry into force 2 September 1987)
• Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their Transboundary Fluxes (1988)
  (concluded at Sofia on 31 October 1988; entry into force 2 February 1991)
• Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution concerning the Control of Emissions of Voltile Organics compounds or their Transboundary Fluxes (1991)
  (concluded at Geneva, 18 November 1991; entry into force on 29 September 1997)
• Protocol to the 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions (1994)
  (concluded at Oslo in 1994)
• Official ECE Homepage of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution and its Protocols
  

b) Ozonschicht / Ozone Layer

• The 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
  (concluded at Vienna, 22 March 1985)
• Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer
  (via Greenpeace)
• The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
  (concluded at Montreal 16 September 1987) (as adjusted and amended by the second Meeting of the Parties (London, 27-29 June 1990); and by the fourth Meeting of the Parties (Copenhagen, 23-25 November 1992); and further adjusted by the seventh Meeting of the Parties (Vienna, 5-7 December 1995)
• Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and related materials
  (Materialsammlung, CIESIN)

c) Klima / Climate Change

aa) Dokumente / Documents

• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  (homepage)
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  (New York, 9 May 1992) / contains protocol of Kyoto (12.12.1997)
• United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  (New York, 9 May 1992) via UNEP
• Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
  (12.12.1997)

bb) Internationale und intergouvernementale Organisationen / International and Intergovernmental Organizations

• The Ozone Secretariat
  (Home page)
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
  (Home page)
• The OECD and Climate Change
  
• A digital Forum on Global Climate Policy
  aktuelle Informationen über Klimapolitk
• World Meteorological Organization
  (homepage)
• Global Environmental Facility
  funding for projects and programs

cc) Nationale Behörden / Governmental Agencies

• U.S. Environental Proctection Agency (EPA) Global Warming
  
• European Union's Stance on Climate Change
  (weathervane)
• European Environmental Law -Climate Change
  (homepage)

dd) Nichtregierungsorganisationen / Non-Governmental Organizations

• JI Projects - Initiative on Joint Implementation
  
• The Earth Network for Sustainable Development
  
• Center for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO)
  
• Antarctic Warning - Early Signs of Global Climate Change
  (Greenpeace)
• Natural Resources Defense Council
  (homepage)
• World Wildlife Fund
  (homepage)

ee) Weitere Quellen / Academic and Scientific Resources

Weltraum / Space

• Principles Relevant to the Use of Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space
  (New York, GA, 14 December 1992, 85th plenary meeting)[GA /Res /47/68]

Schutz von Pflanzen und Tieren, Biodiversity, Rio-Deklaration / Protection of Plants and Animals, Biodiversity, Rio Declaration

a) Schutz von Pflanzen und Tieren / Protection of Plants and Animals

aa) Allgemeines / General

• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
  (signed in Washington, D.C. on 3 March 1973, amended in Bonn, Germany, on 22 June 1979)
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora / Appendices I and II
  (as adopted by the Conference of the Parties, effective 16 February 1995)
• Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora / Appendix III
  (effective 16 February 1995)
• Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (1979) with Appendices as Amended 1985, 1988
  (done at Bonn on 23 June 1979; entry into force 1 November 1983)
• The Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)
  (homepage)
• Appendix II of the Convention on the Convervation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)
  (as amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994 and 1997, effective 15 July 1997)
• Appendix I of the Convention on the Convervation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS)
  (as amended by the Conference of the Parties in 1985, 1988, 1991, 1994 and 1997, effective 15 July 1997)
• International Convention for the Protection of Birds
  (Paris, signed on 18 October 1950; entry into force 17 January 1963)
• International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling, 1946
  (Washington, 2 December 1946)
• Convention relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State
  (London, 8 November 1933; entry into force 14 January 1936)
• American Society of International Law's Wildlife Interest Group
  focus on scholarship and public education efforts.

bb) Arten- und regionenspezifische Instrumente / Instruments Specific as to Species or Regions

• Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiquous Atlantic Area
  (Monaco, 24 November 1996)
• Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds
  (The Hague, The Netherlands, adopted 16 June 1995)
• Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Conservation Measures for the Siberian Crane, 1993
  (Kushiro, 16 June 1993)
• Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas, 1991
  (opened for signature at New York, 17 March 1992)
• Convention for the Prohibition of Fishing with Long Driftnets in the South Pacific (and Protocols)
  (Wellington, 24 November 1989; entry into force 17 May 1991)
• Agreement on the Conservation of Bats in Europe, 1991
  (London, 4 December 1991)
• Agreement on the Conservation of Seals in the Wadden Sea, 1990
  (done at Bonn on 16 October 1990)
• Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for the Slender-billed Curlew, Numenius tenuirostris, 1994
  
• Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine and Living Resources
  (drafted at Canberra, 20 May 1980)
• Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats
  (Member States of the Council of Europe and the other signatories, 19 September 1979; entry into force 1 June 1982)
• Agreement on the Conservation of Polar Bears
  (Oslo, 15 November 1973; entry into force 26 May 1976)
• International Convention for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas
  (done at Rio de Janeiro, 14 May 1966; entry into force 21 March 1969)
• Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere (1940)
  (Washington, 12 October 1940; entered into force 1 May 1942)
• Convention on Nature Protection and Wild Life Preservation in the Western Hemisphere (1940)
  (via Fletcher School (Tufts))

b) Stockholm- und Rio-Konferenzen / Stockholm and Rio-Conferences

• United Nations Conference on the Human Environment Action Plan for the Human Environment
  (Stockholm, 16 June 1972)
• Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
  (meeting at Stockholm, 5 to 16 June 1972)
• United Nations Environment Programme UNEP
  (Homepage)
• The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
  (Rio de Janeiro, UN Conference on Environment and Development, 3 to 14 June 1992)
• Rio Convention Sites
  (via GEF)
• UN Division for Sustainable Development
  
• Earth Summit +5 (U.N.)
  

c) Biologische Vielfalt / Biodiversity

aa) Dokumente / Documents

• Convention on Biological Diversity and related materials
  (via Ciesin)
• Convention on Biological Diversity
  (via UNEP)
• Convention on Biological Diversity
  (homepage)
• Convention on Biological Diversity
  (concluded at Rio de Janeiro, 5 June 1992)
• Convention on Trade in Endangered Species
  (via UNEP)
• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
  
• The Forest Principles (1992)
  

bb) Nichtregierungsvereinigungen / Non-Governmental Agencies

• Biodiversity
  (World Resources Institute)
• Biodiversity Conservation Information System
  (Global partnership of conservation organisations providing access to current knowledge about biodiversity)
• Red List of Threatened Animals
  (IUCN)
• Endangered Species
  
• BINAS Web
  
• BioSpace Home Page
  

c) Andere Rio-Instrumente / Other Rio Instruments

• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
  

Gewässer (außer Meere s.u.) / Waters (except Seas, see below)

• Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses
  (adopted by the General Assembly of the UN on 21 May 1997) [draft UN Doc A/51/869; 11 April 1997]

Meeresgebiete / Marine Areas

• Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources
  (Paris, 4 June 1974; as amended by the Protocol of 26 March 1986)
• Convention for Co-operation in the Protection and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the West and Central African Region; and Protocol (1981)
  (Abidjan, 23 March 1981; entry into force 5 August 1984)
• Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden Environment; and Protocol (1982)
  (Jeddah, 14 February 1982; entry into force 20 August 1985)
• Convention for the Protection of the Mediterranean Sea Against Pollution (1976) and Protocols (1980), (1982)
  (Barcelona, 16 February 1976; entry into force 12 February 1978) (Athen, 17 May 1980) (Geneva, 3 April 1982)
• Protection of marine resources
  

Abfall / Waste

• Bamako Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa (1991)
  (Bamako, 30 January 1991)
• Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
  (Basel on 22 March 1989)
• World Wide Waste Web
  

Nukleare Sicherheit, gefährliche Aktivitäten / Nuclear Safety, Hazardous Activities

• International Nuclear Legal Framework
  (Overview by the IAEA on important instruments in the field of nuclear safety; includes instruments open for ratification)
• Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage
  (Vienna, 12 September 1997)
• Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage
  (Vienna, 12 September 1997)
• Pelindaba Text of the African Nuclear Engergy Agency
  (Addid Ababa, 26 to 28 June 1995) [reproduced from UN GA Document A/50/426]
• Convention on Nuclear Safety
  (Vienna, 17 June 1994) [INFCIRC/499]
• Amendments to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America
  (26 August 1992) [INFCIRC/411]
• Convention on the Transboundary Effects of Industrial accidents
  (Helsinki, 17 March 1992)